مجله مهندسی مکانیک

مجله مهندسی مکانیک

مروری بر ارتفاع‌ سنج‌ های بارومتریک و نقش آنها در ارتقاء ایمنی کپسول ‌های فضایی تحقیقاتی هنگام ورود مجدد به اتمسفر

نوع مقاله : مقاله مروری

نویسنده
استادیار، پژوهشگاه هوافضا، وزارت علوم، تحقیقات و فناوری، تهران
چکیده
در مأموریت‌ های کپسول ‌های فضایی بازگشت‌ پذیر، تخمین دقیق ارتفاع در فاز ورود مجدد به اتمسفر، نقش حیاتی در راه ‌اندازی ایمن سامانه ‌های فرود و بازیابی ایفا می ‌کند. این مقاله با تمرکز بر ارتفاع ‌سنج‌ های بارومتریک در کپسول ‌های فضایی تحقیقاتی، به بررسی جامع انواع مدل‌ های مورد استفاده، شامل سامانه‌ های آنروئیدی، پیزومقاومتی، ارتعاشی و حالت جامد و تحلیل عملکرد و ویژگی ‌های فنی آنها می ‌پردازد. در ادامه خطاهای مؤثر بر دقت اندازه ‌گیری ارتفاع، از جمله نویزهای سنسور، تأخیر در سیستم ‌های لوله ‌کشی و پردازش، خطاهای تبدیل A/D، اثرات آئرودینامیکی ناشی از موقعیت نصب سنسور و تداخلات مدل ‌سازی اتمسفر به‌ طور مستقل ارزیابی شده ‌اند. با استفاده از داده‌ های مأموریت آزمایشی کپسول اوریون، میزان تأثیر هر یک از این منابع خطا بر دقت تخمین ارتفاع بررسی شده است. همچنین نقش الگوریتم ‌های ترکیبی مانند فیلتر کالمن در کاهش عدم قطعیت اندازه ‌گیری و نحوه به ‌کارگیری داده ‌های ارتفاعی برای راه ‌اندازی مرحله به مرحله سامانه کاهش سرعت و بازیابی تشریح شده است. در بخش پایانی، کاربرد فناوری ‌های نوظهور مانند ادغام GNSS با ارتفاع ‌سنج ‌های بارومتریک، استفاده از سنسورهای MEMS و پیاده ‌سازی معماری ‌های مبتنی بر هوش مصنوعی پیشرفته از جمله شبکه‌ های عصبی عمیق در سامانه‌ های آینده مورد بحث قرار گرفته است.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات

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دوره 35، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 166
فروردین و اردیبهشت 1405
صفحه 23-43

  • تاریخ دریافت 18 مرداد 1404
  • تاریخ بازنگری 11 آبان 1404
  • تاریخ پذیرش 06 اسفند 1404