اساس لیزر و کاربرد آن در صنعت روز

نوع مقاله : علمی ترویجی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، مهندسی مکانیک، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

2 فردوسی مشهد*مهندسی مکانیک

3 گروه مهندسی مکانیک، دانشکده مهندسی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

چکیده

به جرأت می‌توان عصر حاضر را عصر تکنولوژی و پیشرفت نامید. یکی از قدرتمندترین و پیشرفته‌ترین حوزه‌های تکنولوژی مربوط به لیزر است. لیزر که تاریخچه آن به اواسط قرن بیستم باز می‌گردد، دستگاهی است که در آن نور در طی واکنش فیزیکی وارونگی جمعیت سه ویژگی مونوکروماتیک، جهت‌مندی و همدوسی به خود می‌گیرد. در این شرایط چگالی انرژی نور افزایش می‌یابد و در نتیجه از آن می‌توان در فرایندهای مختلف استفاده کرد. با توجه به اهمیت لیزر، در گزارش حاضر سعی شد نخست تاریخچه پیدایش لیزر ارائه شود. سپس، هریک از چهار ویژگی مذکور لیزر به دقت ذکر شود. بیان خواهد شد که لیزر از سه جزء دمنده (منبع انرژی خارجی)، محیط فعال و محفظه (رزوناتور اپتیکی) تشکیل شده است که جزئیات هریک نیز به دقت معرفی می‌شود. در ادامه، بیان خواهد شد که امواج خروجی از لیزر می‌تواند به دو صورت پیوسته یا گسسته باشند. برای درک بهتر نیز انواع لیزر متناسب با طول‌موج و نوع محیط فعال معرفی خواهد شد. سپس کاربردهای مختلف لیزر در صنعت شامل فرایندهای نشانه‌گذاری، برش، جوش، تمیزکاری، تولید افزایشی، سخت‌کاری و پوشش‌دهی ارائه می‌شود و در هر مورد نوع لیزر مورد استفاده نیز معرفی می‌شود.

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