[1] Haack, Alfred et al. Technical report-part 1-design fire scenarios. Thematic network on fires in tunnels (FIT), European Commission under the 5th Framework Program, 2004, 2001.
[2] Pei, Gui-hong and Zhang, Qiu-yi. Review of research on critical velocity in tunnel fire. E3S Web Conf., 79:02001, 2019.
[3] Weisenpacher, Peter, Glasa, Jan, and Valasek, Lukas. Influence of slope and external temperature on smoke stratification in case of fire in bi-directional road tunnel. ITM Web Conf., 16:02002, 2018.
[4] Li, Junmei, Tian, Yang, Li, Yanfeng, Zhao, Yuhang, and Huang, Youbo. Numerical and experimental study on the effects of the slope on the critical velocity in titled tunnels. Procedia Engineering, 205:1864 – 1870, 2017. 10th International Symposium on Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning, ISHVAC2017, 19-22 October 2017, Jinan, China.
[5] Tang, Z., Liu, Y.J., Yuan, J.P., and Fang, Z. Study of the critical velocity in tunnels with longitudinal ventilation and spray systems. Fire Safety Journal, 90:139 – 147, 2017.
[6] Kesadian, Jabar and Adamian, Armen. Numerical simulation of critical velocity in ventilation. Modern Applied Science, 11(2), 2017.
[7] Kim, Ji Tae, Hong, Ki-Bae, and Ryou, Hong Sun. Numerical analysis on the effect of the tunnel slope on the plug-holing phenomena. Energies, 12(1), 2018.
[8] Brahim, Kalech, Mourad, Bouterra, Afif, EC, and Ali, B. Control of smoke flow in a tunnel. Journal of Applied Fluid Mechanics, 6(1), 2013.
[9] RIS, JOHN DE. Duct fires. Combustion Science and Technology, 2(4):239–258, 1970.
[10] cheng Weng, Miao, ling Lu, Xin, Liu, Fang, and xian Du, Cheng. Study on the critical velocity in a sloping tunnel fire under longitudinal ventilation. Applied Thermal Engineering, 94:422 – 434, 2016.
[11] Thomas, PH. The movement of buoyant fluid against a stream and the venting of underground fires. Fire safety science, 351:1–1, 1958.
[12] Oka, Yasushi and Atkinson, Graham T. Control of smoke flow in tunnel fires. Fire Safety Journal, 25(4):305 – 322, 1995.
[13] Wu, Y and Bakar, M.Z.A. Control of smoke flow in tunnel fires using longitudinal ventilation systems – a study of the critical velocity. Fire Safety Journal, 35(4):363 – 390, 2000.
[14] Li, Ying Zhen, Lei, Bo, and Ingason, Haukur. Study of critical velocity and backlayering length in longitudinally ventilated tunnel fires. Fire Safety Journal, 45(6):361 – 370, 2010.
[15] cheng Weng, Miao, ling Lu, Xin, Liu, Fang, peng Shi, Xiang, and xing Yu, Long. Prediction of backlayering length and critical velocity in metro tunnel fires. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 47:64 – 72, 2015.
[16] Atkinson, G.T. and Wu, Y. Smoke control in sloping tunnels. Fire Safety Journal, 27(4):335 – 341, 1996.
[17] Ko, Gwon Hyun, Kim, Seung Ryul, and Ryou, Hong Sun. An experimental study on the effect of slope on the critical velocity in tunnel fires. Journal of Fire Sciences, 28(1):27– 47, 2010.
[18] Yi, Liang, Xu, Qiqi, Xu, Zhisheng, and Wu, Dexing. An experimental study on critical velocity in sloping tunnel with longitudinal ventilation under fire. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 43:198 – 203, 2014.
[19] Chow, W.K., Gao, Y., Zhao, J.H., Dang, J.F., Chow, C.L., and Miao, L. Smoke movement in tilted tunnel fires with longitudinal ventilation. Fire Safety Journal, 75:14 – 22, 2015.
[20] Carvel, Ricky. Fire Size in Tunnels. Ph.D. thesis, HeriotWatt University, 2004.
)
