بررسی روش‌های تخلیص و پالایش سوخت بیودیزل با تأکید بر فرایندهای جداسازی غشایی

نوع مقاله : علمی ترویجی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناس ارشد مهندسی مکانیک بیوسیستم، گروه مهندسی فنی کشاورزی، پردیس ابوریحان، دانشگاه تهران، تهران

2 دانشیار گروه مهندسی فنی کشاورزی، پردیس ابوریحان، دانشگاه تهران، تهران

3 مربی گروه مهندسی فن‌آوری صنایع غذایی، پردیس ابوریحان، دانشگاه تهران، تهران

4 دانشیار گروه مهندسی فن‌آوری صنایع غذایی، پردیس ابوریحان، دانشگاه تهران، تهران

چکیده

به ­دلیل تقاضای روزافزون برای سوخت‌­های پاک و مشکلات زیست‌­محیطی ناشی از سوخت‌های فسیلی، به‌تازگی استفاده از سوخت­‌های زیستی نوین همچون بیودیزل، بیوگاز و بیواتانول اهمیت زیادی پیدا کرده است. بیودیزل­‌ها­­ از جمله سوخت‌­های زیستی­ تجدیدپذیر و پاک‌اند که به‌دلیل خواص فیزیکی­ شیمیایی مشابه با دیزل­های نفتی، به‌­عنوان جایگزین آنها در سراسر جهان مطرح شده­‌اند. به هر حال، در فرایند تولید بعد از واکنش ترنس‌ استری فیکاسیون، محصول بیودیزل خام باید پالایش و تخلیص شود. اخیراً فرایندهای غشایی مانند ریزپالایش و فراپالایش به­عنوان روشی نوین و چشم­انداز برای پالایش و تخلیص بیودیزل­­ در زمینه­‌های کاربردی متعددی نظیر صمغ­‌زدایی و آب­زدایی روغن، جداسازی محصولات جانبی گلیسرول و آب، ناخالصی‌­های صابون، روغن‌­های واکنش ­نداده و اضافه‌­های کاتالیست­، پالایش پساب­‌های مراحل شستشوی بیودیزل و راکتورهای غشایی برای واکنش‌­های ترانس استری فیکاسیون ناهمگن مورد آزمون و ارزیابی قرار گرفته‌­اند. لذا در این تحقیق، روش­های مرسوم پالایش بیودیزل مانند شستشوی مرطوب و خشک همچنین فواید و معایب‌­شان مرور خواهند شد و بر کاربرد فناوری‌­های نوین و محیط­زیست‌پسند جداسازی غشایی، تاکید و فرایندهای مربوط به آن برای تولید، پالایش و تخلیص بیودیزل، مورد بحث و بررسی قرار خواهند گرفت.
 

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