مطالعه‌ای بر تأثیر عناصر آلیاژی روی خواص مکانیکی و ریزساختاری فولادهای پیشرفته استحکام بالا

نوع مقاله : علمی ترویجی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی مهندسی مواد و متالورژی، دانشکده فنی و مهندسی، دانشگاه بناب

2 استادیار، گروه مهندسی مواد و متالورژی، دانشکده فنی و مهندسی، دانشگاه بناب

چکیده

تحقیق حاضر، مروری بر مطالعات پیشین انجام‌شده بر تأثیر عناصر آلیاژی مختلف نظیر کربن، آلومینیم، سیلیسیم، منگنز، بور، مس،کروم، مولیبدن، هیدروژن، نیتروژن، تیتانیم، نیوبیوم، وانادیوم و نیکل روی خواص فولادهای پیشرفته استحکام بالا دارد. فولادهای پیشرفته استحکام بالا جزو جدیدترین نسل فولادها هستند که در سال‌های اخیر توجه زیادی را به خود جلب کرده‌اند. این فولادها به‌واسطه داشتن ریزساختارهای پیچیده متشکل از فریت، مارتنزیت، بینیت و آستنیت باقیمانده دارای ترکیبی از استحکام بسیار بالا و ازدیاد طول نسبی زیاد هستند که این مهم با کنترل ریزساختار از طریق کنترل دقیق میزان و نوع عناصر آلیاژی و انجام عملیات حرارتی نظیر آنیل بین بحرانی و عملیات ترمومکانیکی مانند نورد گرم و نورد داغ قابل حصول است. تحقیقات گسترده‌ای بر توسعه این آلیاژها و بررسی مکانیزم‌های استحکام‌دهی و کرنش‌سختی این آلیاژها انجام شده است که درنهایت منجر به معرفی دو نوع از مهم‌ترین این فولادها با عناوین TRIP و TWIP گشته است که در آن‌ها عناصر آلیاژی نقشی تعیین‌کننده در ایجاد ریزساختار آستنیتی، تغییر انرژی نقص در چیدمان، تغییر چگالی نابجایی‌ها و نرخ کرنش‌سختی دارند. خلاصه‌ای از مطالعات پیشین به تفکیک عناصر آلیاژی و چگونگی تأثیر آن‌ها بر خواص مختلف این فولادها در مقاله حاضر ارائه می‌گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


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