مولدهای الکتریکی مگنتوهیدرودینامیک و کاربرد آنها در صنایع هوافضا

نوع مقاله : علمی ترویجی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجو/پژوهشگاه هوافضا

2 مربی پژوهشگاه هوافضا

3 عضو هیات علمی/پژوهشگاه هوافضا

چکیده

مولدهای جریان الکتریکی مگنتوهیدرودینامیک (MHD ) با اعمال میدان مغناطیسی بر ذره رسانای شتابدار، توان الکتریکی تولید می‌کنند. این دسته از مولدها، از یک سیال رسانا مانند پلاسما یا فلز مایع، به عنوان سیال عامل استفاده می‌کنند. در این مقاله ابتدا به معرفی روش‌های تولید پلاسما و یونیزاسیون پرداخته و سپس مکانیزم عملکرد مولدهای MHD توضیح داده شده است. در ادامه به معرفی دسته بندی‌های مختلف این نوع از مولدها براساس ساختار و سیال عامل پرداخته شده است. اما یکی از مهمترین دغدغه‌های مهندسان صنعت هوافضا طراحی دستگاه‌هایی با حداقل وزن است. مولدهای MHD بدون نیاز به قطعات صلب متحرک با وزن زیاد، قادر به تولید توان بالای الکتریکی هستند. در صنعت هوافضا از این مولدها می‌توان در پروازهای ماورای صوت، موتور موشک، پروازهای بازگشت به جو و همچنین به عنوان منبع تامین توان الکتریکی پرتاب کننده‌های ریل الکترومغناطیسی استفاده کرد.. . . . . . . . . . .

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


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